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Las Vegas is one town that everyone has to travel to at least one time in their life. The lights and the action are something that everyone can get a kick out of. In recent years, the gritty undertones have been replaced with an almost Disney feel. Everything is family friendly, and the hotels even have amusement park rides the whole family can enjoy. Of course, at its heart, Las Vegas will always be a gambling town. Even with all of the weddings and bachelor parties going on, it is still about the almighty buck at the various casinos throughout town. Every restaurant and every hotel has some way in which you can put your money on the line. These are the places with the best odds of you being able to win big when you are visiting Las Vegas.

15) The Venetian
This is one of the prettiest casinos that can be found in Las Vegas, or anywhere else for that matter. From the moment you walk in the door, it is nonstop opulence with gilded décor and ceilings that will certainly make you lose your footing. The massive size of the casino floor may seem off-putting at first, but you will soon get your bearings, and start to enjoy everything that the betting floor has to offer. You can find your niche very quickly with a slew of different games that you are able to get involved in. Everything from slots to blackjack to sports betting is available here. If you enjoy Spanish 21, the Venetian offers some of the best odds for winning at this game in Las Vegas.

The Venetian
By Ricky Barnard via Wikimedia Commons

One of the main draws is that you are able to take advantage of mobile betting. Simply download the app that allows you to bet on races and other games, and you are able to place a bet and check in on the status of your bet as you are walking throughout the hotel. It is not necessary to stay on the casino floor, but with all of the re-creations of art masterpieces, you may be inclined to stay and just take pictures even if you did not have any luck at the tables.

Outside of The Venetian
By ZooFari via Wikimedia Commons

14) Palms Casino Resort
When you are not trying to win your nest egg at the tables in the Palms casino resort, you can enjoy the movie theater or the nightclubs and bars. Once you are ready to sit down, you may not be shocked to find that you are elbow to elbow with Hollywood royalty. Many legends of the silver screen like to hang out at the Palms because of the great restaurants as well as the great gambling that is offered. Among the major casinos, this is one of the few that has some pretty decent odds of winning even if you are betting against some of the higher stakes players.

Palm's Place
By Marc Berry via Wikimedia Commons

The only real suggestion here is to stay away from the slot machines. These are the bread and butter of the casino since the odds are stacked against the players, even though state law requires that they pay out at least 75 percent of what they take. At the tables, there are several people betting against the house. If you find yourself at a table with people who are less skilled than you, you have just as much chance of beating the house as they do. Regular tournament play is on Wednesdays, so if you are just in town to have fun, and don’t feel like a tourney, you might want to skip this one in the middle of the week.

Palms Basketball Suite

13) Circus Circus
If you have the kids along with you, they will certainly get bored if you are at the tables gambling all night long. This is when you might want to consider taking them to Circus Circus. This casino is very family oriented and has décor your children will find highly engaging. They are able to take advantage of the amusement park and the video arcades while you are trying your luck at the tables. It is the best way to make sure you can turn a family vacation into a gambling vacation for you.

By Mutari via Wikimedia Commons

Best of all, since the atmosphere of this casino tends to ward off many of the high rollers, it allows beginning gamblers an advantage in the game. You will be able to play at the poker tables without having to worry about seasoned players taking all of your cash. Chances are that you will be playing against some other tired parents just looking for something fun to do rather than watching the kids for a change. If nothing else, you might just make some friends out your gambling foray.

Midway, Circus Circus

12) Aria Resort & Casino
If you are looking for luxury, it is hard to beat Aria. This is one of the newest casinos on the strip and it is the only casino that is located within the City Center development. The main thing that sets its gambling floor apart from the rest of the casinos' is that it has an open feel. The other casinos give you a kind of claustrophobic feeling with closed roofs and no way to see anything but gleaming lights and gamblers as far as the eye can see. The open construction of Aria is a welcome departure from the norm.

Front View of Aria Resort and Casino
By Sarah Nichols via Wikimedia Commons

If you are getting tired of rolling dice and hunching over the poker table, you can order up a chair massage right on the casino floor. This is a very unique service you will not find at any other casinos. While the massage may not make you a better gambler, you will at least feel like you got something out of money that you spent while on the casino floor.

Lobby of the Aria Hotel
By Colin Rose via Wikimedia Commons

One of the best bets if you are a poker player is that it has more poker tables and options than just about any other casino in town.

11) The Excalibur
Any expert in Las Vegas will tell you to start small and work your way up as you get more experience on the gambling floor. This is why the Excalibur is one of the best casinos to get started at. You will not be surrounded by all those professional gamblers that see the inside of a casino more often than they see their home. There are $5 minimums available, so you are able to start off small and see where things take you. Since the biggest opposition you are likely to face is the dealer, you will have a pretty good shot at winning at least a few hands. If nothing else, it is a good place to get your bearings on what you can expect at some of the larger casinos.

Excalibur During Daytime
By Brian Whitmarsh via Wikimedia Commons

The Excalibur is one of the older casinos in town, so do not expect a lot in the way of glitz and glamour. Also, do not expect a lot of comps. Unless you are willing to spend all your money at the slots (never a good idea) you are not likely to get much for free while you are gambling. Now, if you hit a big winning streak, you will certainly get some free drinks and maybe even a free meal, but you are better off getting your meal elsewhere.

Night View of Excalibur from Tropicana Avenue
By Josh Truelson via Wikimedia Commons

10) Mandalay Bay
After watching poker played on television and in the movies, everyone thinks that they are an expert. Las Vegas is a great town to put those feelings to the test. If you truly have the talent, you will find out. If you don’t, you will surely lighten your load while in town. If you just want to try your hand in a real setting, there is no better practice ground than at the Mandalay Bay. This is one of the casinos known for poker, and it is among the only places in town where the casino will actually teach you how to play for free. If you show up in the afternoon, there are lessons given to anyone who wants to take them. Just be careful who is watching you learn.

Mandalay Bay
By Kris1123 via Wikimedia Commons

While you are at the Mandalay Bay, take a little time to walk away from the table and experience the rest of the casino. It is one of the hotels in town that likes to put on a big water and lights show. Since there are so many people drawn to the casino for the entertainment, the odds are stacked pretty well in your favor. With so many different gambling options, you have the ability to choose something you have some talent for.

View from Pool at Mandalay Bay
By Erin Khoo via Wikimedia Commons

9) The Flamingo
This is the casino that many remember from the movie 'Swingers.' It is one of the older casinos in town, and as such, it does not draw a lot of the professional gamblers. Additionally, the tables allow you to place smaller bets and get your feet wet. While you are able to start small, you will also be able to move your way up to playing at some of the higher stakes tables if you feel so inclined. Just make sure that you are getting yourself a drink while you are on a winning streak. More than likely your drink will be for free, and that just makes a good time better.

The Flamingo
By Kvasir via Wikimedia Commons

While many may flock to the Flamingo for the low $5 betting available, they will stay for the inviting atmosphere of the staff and the décor. You are not distracted by a lot of lights and sound. Instead, there is a more subdued atmosphere, so that you are able to concentrate on what you are doing while you are at the table. It can help to bring the fun back for you.

Bugsy Siegel Memorial Outside the Wedding Chapel at the Flamingo Hotel
By Jarhed via Wikimedia Commons

8) Tropicana Las Vegas
If you are going to go to Tropicana, make sure that you join the Players Club first. This is a club that will allow you to have protection if you decide to play the machine-betting games. If you should lose $200, you are protected over the course of three days. This is reimbursed in the form of a “free play” rather than actually giving you your money back. You will at least be given the opportunity to win your money back. It is suggested that if you already have lost $200, don’t go beyond your free plays and lose $200 more. Switch to some other kind of gambling instead.

Tropicana Las Vegas North Tower
By Matthäus Wander via Wikimedia Commons

As some of the older hotels have been demolished or given in to lower rate tables, Tropicana has been able to hold on as one of the better casinos. This may be in large part due to the $200 million renovation that the casino went through. The new theme of Tropicana is to make it look like the casino is set in South Beach. You can find graphics from “Sex and the City”, “The Hangover”, and “Ghostbusters” on the different walls. You can still find low limits to bet on if you are not willing to risk some of the higher stakes.

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Casino and Leaded-Glass Ceiling

7) Paris Las Vegas
Those who live close to the strip will tell you that you have to go to Paris, if for no other reason than to try out the Le Village Buffet. It is renowned as being one of the best on the strip. Of course, you may go for the buffet, but you will stay for the gambling, and the gambling floor will not disappoint you. Keep in mind that the casino floor is pretty big, but you will not have to worry about getting lost. There are definitely larger and more confusing casino floors on the strip. The staff has been rated well and will be more than happy to help you should you not be able to find what it is you are looking for.

Paris Las Vegas
By thinboyfatter via Wikimedia Commons

If you are worried about getting hooked by the professional gamblers, simply stay out of the high stakes rooms. This is where all of the high rollers go to play on a daily basis. The sports bet areas are among the favorite spots for locals and tourists alike to find a fun place to relax. Just settle in and lean back in front of one of the large TVs, and watch the game. Even if you are losing money, you will still be able to enjoy watching the game and having a drink.

Paris Las Vegas Lit up at Night
By ZooFari via Wikimedia Commons

6) Binion’s Gambling Hall & Hotel
While you are in Las Vegas, you are supposed to check out the Fremont Street Experience, and when you go to Binion’s, you are able to do just that. This is the casino where the World Series of Poker got its start. Beginning in 1970, the now famous series brought together some of the best in poker to try their hand at winning a truly huge pot. Do not let this intimidate you from trying to play poker at these tables. There are many novices that want to play in this historic location, and you will be among them, which puts you at good odds of winning whenever you are playing. Just make sure to stay away from the high limit tables if you are unsure of your skills.

Binion's Gambling Hall & Hotel

You will not be able to stay the night at Binion’s since the hotel closed in 2009, but you can still get a bite to eat in between hands at the blackjack and poker tables. If you do not want to worry about coins when playing slots, this is the place for you since you will be using a “ticket-in ticket-out” system while you are playing the machines.

Fremont Street Showcasing Golden Nugget and Binion's
By Johnwalton via Wikimedia Commons

5) The Cosmopolitan of Las Vegas
The Cosmopolitan is another of the casinos where you can take advantage of the Players Club and get a $100 rebate for machine losses. This is another of the newer casinos in town, and it offers a lot for the whole family. You will be able to check out the bars while the kids are enjoying themselves. The restaurants will have something for everyone, so you can have a nice family dinner before sending the kids to bed and seeing what you can do with their college funds.

Cosmopolitan Resort and Casino
By Allen McGregor via Wikimedia Commons

You may want to consider staying at the Cosmopolitan while you are in town. Like several other hotel-casinos, there is a good chance that if you start winning, they will comp your room rate for the duration of your stay.

Night View of the Cosmopolitan Resort and Casino
By Cygnusloop99 via Wikimedia Commons

4) El Cortez Hotel & Casino
Almost everyone will tell you to check out El Cortez while you are in Las Vegas. This is for a few different reasons. For one thing, the casino is not on the strip. Instead, it is downtown, and you are able to have better luck with the odds because the casino is not one of the ones where many of the locals will try to prey on tourists. If you are going to be there on the weekend, even better. You will be able to check out the food truck festival that is held there every Saturday. This will allow you to experience all of the different foods that these vendors have to offer.

El Cortez Hotel & Casino

On top of being one of the better places to eat on the weekends, the casino is on Fremont Street, which is a destination that every tourist needs to check out at least once while they are in Las Vegas. This is because the whole Las Vegas scene would not exist if it were not for the downtown area. El Cortez is just one of the last stalwarts left from this bygone era and is a must see. It does not hurt that the odds of you winning are in favor while you are gambling here.

Inside of El Cortez

3) Caesar’s Palace
It is hard to imagine a trip to Las Vegas without going to Caesar’s Palace. There are very few places that can be described as truly Las Vegas in style, but this is one of them. The entire scene is all out opulence. Built as if it was built for Caesar himself, the entire casino and hotel resembles something out of ancient Rome, with a hefty dose of mythology. It is no wonder that just about all of the boxing matches occur at this location. If you just want to be entertained, you can find what you are looking for at Cleopatra’s Barge, including some great drinks and dancing.

Caesars Palace View from Across Bellagio Lake

Of course you are in Las Vegas for the gambling, so you will want to mosey on down to the poker tables. Steer clear of them during the tournament schedules. You will know when these are going on because they are highly publicized within the casino. Keno and sports book, along with tons of slots, give you the choice of how you want to play the odds. Staying with card games will give you the best odds of winning.

Sports Book Betting Area at Caesars Palace
By Blane via Wikimedia Commons

World Famous Forum Shops at Caesars Palace

2) MGM Grand Hotel & Casino
MGM Grand puts the grand back into the casino. It is actually the biggest in Las Vegas. Heck, it is the biggest resort complex in the world. There is simply nothing that can compare with the absolute magnitude of the MGM Grand. As such, the odds are in your favor. If you walk up to a table and you notice that the dealer knows every single person there, just walk on to find a table at which you are not the only stranger. The more people from out of town you can find at a table, the better your chances are of winning because they are not career local gamblers.

MGM Grand Hotel and Casino
By Bobak Ha'Eri via Wikimedia Commons

You do not always have to play poker whenever you want to play a table game. You can also get involved in Casino War, roulette, Pai Gow and more. If you are into poker and that is all you want to play, you will be able to find a multitude of poker games that you can play as well as the varying stakes that are available to you so your chances are even better of winning.

Lion Habitat at the MGM Grand
By Izx from Wikimedia Commons

1) Bellagio
If you are looking for sophistication, you cannot beat the Bellagio Casino. This is one of the ultimate luxury resorts. As such, you can expect that there are not going to be many low stake tables to get involved in. Of course, you can also expect that you will have a really easy time of winning. The locals tend to stay away from the tables, and big money players come in from out of town to try their luck, often with more money than knowledge of the game.

Bellagio Casino at Night
By Photographersnature via Wikimedia Commons

Expect to get free drinks as long as you are able to stay at the table. In fact, you can expect to get pretty much anything for free as long as you are not losing too much. If you go up and down, you may still be able to get a lot out of the experience. Just make sure that this is not your first stop, so you are able to get some experience under your belt before going for the big money. With some decent experience, the odds are stacked in your favor to win at Bellagio.

'Dancing' Fountains of the Bellagio
By Photographersnature via Wikimedia Commons

Conclusion
These Las Vegas casinos are just a handful of the hundreds of casinos you can try out. The locals will tell you that the best odds are at the casinos outside of town, but gambling experts will tell you to never bet with the locals. This is especially true if you are a novice at gambling. The locals that bet every day will smell you coming from a mile away and cozy right up to you until even your emergency backup money is gone. The best advice is to bet on what you are comfortable with, and above all else, have fun. Never gamble what you are not willing to lose, and never bet with the thought about what you might win. Approach your trip to Las Vegas with these 15 places in mind and bet with a level head, and you might still have some money for a drink on the plane.

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by John Robison
Do the slot machines on the ends of aisles pay better than the machines in the middle? How about the machines near the table games? They’retight, right? And are the machines near the coin redemption booths loose? Join us on our journey for finding loose slot machines.
The loose slot machine is the slot player’s Holy Grail. Much as King Arthur’s Knights of the Round Table searched Britain for the Holy Grail of myth, slot players search casinos for loosemachines. Slot players have formulated many theories about where casinos place their loose machines to aid them in their quest.

Before we can figure out where the loose machines are, we have to figure out what they are. There is no U.S.D.A. system for grading the looseness of machines and no national orinternational standard that determines whether a machine is tight or loose.

So, what is a loose slot machine?

Say we have two 94% payback machines. Are they loose? I bet some people say yes and some say no. Why isn’t there agreement? Let me add a little more information to thescenario to see if it gives you an idea of why one person calls a 94% payback machine loose and another calls it tight. What if I told you that one machine was a nickel machine and theother a dollar machine? For most people who play nickel machines, a 94% machine is among the best-paying machines in their area. For most people who play dollar machines, on theother hand, a 94% machine is among the worst-paying machines in their area. The person who called 94% loose probably plays lower-denomination machines, while the person who called 94%tight probably plays higher-denomination machines.
Let me add one more piece of information. The dollar machine is a video poker machine. Dollar video poker players would rather have root canals onall their teeth with no anesthesia while their fingernails and toenails are ripped off than play a 94% payback machine. They have many adjectives for a 94% payback machine, but loose isnot one of them.
You see, loose isn’t an absolute. Looseness depends on your frame of reference. Looseness is actually a comparison. We shouldn’t say “loose.” We should really say“looser”. We should really be asking where the looser machines are. But let’s bow to common usage and continue using the term loose machine.

So, what is a loose machine?

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Quite simply, a loose machine is a machine that has a higher long-term payback percentage than another machine. The loose machines in acasino are those machines that have the highest paybacks. These are the machines that will take the smallest bites out of your bankroll in the long run. No wonder slot players areconstantly searching for them.
Over the years, players have developed a number of theories about finding loose slot machines. Casinos place loose machines near the entrances, for example, so passersby can see playerswinning and are enticed to enter the casino and try their luck. The loose machines are also at the ends of the aisles to draw players into the aisle, where the tight machinesare.
And, of course, a loose machine is always surrounded by tight machines. You never have two loose machines side by side. That’s done for players who like to play more than onemachine at a time. If they should happen to stumble upon one of the loose machines, they’ll be pumping their winnings from it into the tight machines around it.
More theories. The machines near the table games are tight because table games players don’t want to hear a lot of bells and buzzers going off and happy slot players whooping it up aftera big win. Another reason the machines near the table games are tight is because table games players will occasionally drop a few coins into a slot machine and they don’t expect to winanything, so why give them a high payback.
Similarly, the machines near the buffet and show lines are tight. People waiting in line are just killing time and getting rid of their spare change. They’re not going to play for along time or develop a relationship with those machines, so the machines can be like piggy banks – for the casino! Money goes in and rarely comes back out.
The machines near the coin redemption booths, on the other hand, are loose. Players waiting in line for coin redemption are slot players and the casino wants them to see other playerswinning. Seeing all those players winning will make them anxious to get back on the slot floor to try their luck again.
Finally, finding loose machines in highly visible locations is most likely. Again, casinos want players to see players winning and be enticed into trying to get a piece of the casino’sbankroll themselves.
These are the theories I can think of off the top of my head. Maybe you know of some others. Most of the theories have a basis in psychology. When we see others winning, we’llwant to play too because 1) we’re greedy, 2) we’re envious, or 3) we see that at least some machines really do pay off and if we keep trying we might find one too.
Based on my own discussions with slot directors, interviews with slot directors, and seminars I’ve attended, I don’t think these theories are relevant in today’s slot world. To see why,we have to look at how slot machines and slot floors have changed.
Picture a slot floor of 10-20 years ago. Even if you don’t go back that far, I’m sure you’ve seen pictures on TV or in books. The slot machines on a casino floor in that era arearranged in long rows, much like products out for sale in a supermarket aisle. There’s no imagination used in placing the machines on the floor. The machines are placed using cold,mechanical precision.
On page 193 in Slot Machines: A Pictorial History of the First 100 Years by Marshall Fey, there’s a great picture of Bally’s casino floor in Atlantic City that illustrates my point. Thepicture shows hundreds of slot machines all lined up in perfect rows like little soldiers. The caption reads, “Like a Nebraska cornfield, rows upon rows of Bally slots extend as far asthe eye can see.”

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Compare that image with the slot floor layout at a casino that was designed in the last five or so years. Studies have shown that players feel very uncomfortable playing in longaisles. They feel trapped when they’re playing in the middle of a long aisle, particularly if the casino is crowded. As a result, modern casinos have shorter aisles and when a long aislecan’t be avoided, it will be wider than others so players won’t feel like they can’t get out.
One of the finding loose machines theories has casinos placing loose machines at the ends of aisles to draw people into the aisles. Having shorter aisles means having more machinesat the ends of those aisles. Can all of these machines be loose?
In addition to being uncomfortable in long aisles, players are also uncomfortable being put out on display for the other players. Perhaps they feel like they might become a target iftheir good luck is too visible.
One slot director I heard speak said that he tried to create “comfortable niches” for his players. Instead of being in a fish bowl, visible to most of the slot floor, players in hisniches can be easily seen by only the other players in that niche.
Another theory about loose machine placement is that casinos place them in highly visible areas. Modern casinos still have highly visible areas, but the areas are visible to a smallernumber of players. A loose machine in this area will influence fewer players than before.
The last change in the slot floor that I want to mention is perhaps the biggest change of all. Casinos used to have hundreds of slot machines. Now they have thousands. Oneslot director in Las Vegas said in an interview a few years ago that with so many machines on his floor, he didn’t have time to micro-manage them. He and his management decided the holdpercentage they wanted for each denomination and he ordered payback programs close to that percentage for his machines. Furthermore, he said this was the common practice in LasVegas.
As much as the slot floor has changed, the changes on the floor are dwarfed by the changes in the slot machines themselves. One thing that struck me about that picture of Bally’s is howall the machines look alike. They really do look like soldiers being inspecting, all standing at attention and in identical uniforms, or like rows of indistinguishable corn plants. In fact, it looks like there are only three different games in the 10 machines in the first row in the picture. Granted, the majority of the machines in Bally’s casino were Ballymachines. Still I’m surprised by the lack of variety in the machines in the front row in the picture.
I heard that one theory why Americans have gotten heavier is that we have access to a wider variety of foods today than we had before. When meals consisted of the same thing time aftertime, it was easy to pass up second helpings of gruel and eat just enough to no longer be hungry. But now we have Chinese one night, Mexican the next, followed by Thai, burgers, pizza,and pasta -- it’s easy to overeat on our culinary trip around the world.
Just as variety in food creates desire, so does variety in slot machines. “Hey, I used to watch The Munsters all the time. I’ll try that machine.” “I never miss TheApprentice. I’ll give that machine a go.” “I played Monopoly all the time as a kid.” “I have a cat and a dog and a chainsaw and a toaster.”
Not only is there more variety in themes on machines, there’s also more variety in paytables. Back in the 1920s, a revolutionary change in slot machine design was paying an extra coin fora certain combination. Adding a hopper to the machine in the electro-mechanical era made it possible for the machine to pay larger jackpots itself instead of requiring a handpay from ajackpot girl. Adding a computer to the slot machine made it possible for today’s machines to pay modest jackpots of a few thousand coins all the way up to life-changing jackpots ofmillions of dollars.
The computer also makes it possible to add more gimmicks to machines. Gimmicks like “spin-til-you win,” symbols that nudge up or down to the payline, haywire repeat-pays, and double spinall add more variety and interest to the games.
Today’s machines are immeasurably more interesting and fun to play than those of even just a decade ago. Each new generation of machines has crisper graphics and better sound than theprior generation. Slot designers are working overtime to devise compelling bonus rounds that will keep players playing for just one more crack at the round. How many people playingWheel of Fortune are trying to win the jackpot? Not many. Most people keep playing to get one more spin of the wheel.
Slot directors today don’t need to pepper their slot floors with loose machines to stimulate play. Today’s machines themselves generate more desire to play than seeing a player doingwell.
Now I'll finish our discussion of where slot directors place loose machines with some additional thoughts, with a few anecdotes I've heard at slot seminars, and with what I think will be thefinal nail in the coffin of loose machine placement philosophies.
One of the placement theories says that tight machines should be placed near the table games because the table games players don’t like a lot of noise while they’re playing. Have the peopleputting forth this theory ever been near a craps table? A craps table with a shooter on a hot roll has to be one of the loudest places -- if not the loudest place -- in the casino. Crapsplayers can be a boisterous lot even when the table isn’t hot. Okay, I can see players needing peace and quiet at blackjack tables (It’s difficult to count cards even in a quiet casino.), butnot at craps, roulette, Let It Ride, and other tables. In any case, the casino can adjust the volume level on a machine. The slot director can put a very quiet, loose machine near the tablesand not disturb a single table games player.
Another problem with following a loose machine placement philosophy is that it limits the flexibility slot directors have in moving their machines around on the slot floor. If the directors aregoing to give up a little bit in payback on some machines, they certainly will want to get their money’s worth and ensure that these machines are in locations where they’ll be played, be seenbeing played, and entice other players to play. Slot floors have only a limited number of high visibility areas. Slot directors won’t want to waste any of their high-paying machines in the morenumerous less visible areas, where the machines won’t be encouraging other players.
Now I’d like to share some anecdotes I’ve heard at panel discussions during the big gaming show (first the World Gaming Congress, then the Global Gaming Expo) that’s held in Las Vegas eachyear.
First, one slot director described an experiment he conducted in his casino. He had a carousel of 5 Times Pay machines that all had the same long-term payback. He ordered new chips to lower thepayback percentages on a couple of the machines to see if anyone would notice. The machines with the lower long-term paybacks received just as much play as the higher-paying machines. Noplayer, furthermore, ever complained that some of the machines in the carousel were tighter than others.
In another seminar, a slot director shared the philosophy he used to place some machines that he had inherited from another property. These machines, he said, had lower long-term paybacks thanthe payback he usually ordered for machines on his slot floor. He said, 'I read the same books that the players read. I put these lower payback machines in the spots that the books said shouldhave the high payback machines.'
My last anecdote is about a decision made by the slot director at the MGM Grand in Las Vegas many years ago. He was ordering 10 Times Pay machines for his slot floor and he was concerned aboutthe low hit frequencies available for those machines. (Machines with multiplying symbols tend to have low hit frequencies, and usually the higher the multiplier, the lower the hit frequency.)The slot director was afraid that his players would think the machines were very tight because they hit so infrequently. He said that he ordered higher paybacks than he usually does for thosemachines in an attempt to offset the low hit frequency. The machines would still have a low hit frequency, but at least the average value of a hit would be a little higher than if he hadordered a payback percentage nearer the percentage he usually ordered. He hoped that would be enough to keep his players from thinking these were tighter than the other machines on his slotfloor.
Although I think these anecdotes are the exceptions that prove the rule that some casinos at least order the same long-term paybacks for machines of a particular denomination, there is evidencethat some casinos may not. In the first edition of Casino Operations Management, for example, Kilby and Fox list a number of “general philosophies that influence specific slot placement”including: “low hold (loose) machines should be placed in busy walkways to create an atmosphere of activity” and “loose machines are normally placed at the beginning and end of trafficpatterns.”
They then say that “high hit frequency machines located around the casino pit area will create an atmosphere of slot activity.” I’m not sure whether they’re saying high hit frequencyshould or shouldn’t be placed near the pit. In any case, note that one philosophy said that loose machines create an atmosphere of activity and another said that high hit frequency machinesalso create an atmosphere of activity. This is the perfect segue into what I think puts the final nail in the coffin about loose machine placement theories.
There is no correlation between long-term payback and hit frequency. A low hit frequency machine can have a high long-term payback. High hit frequency machines, in addition, can have lowlong-term paybacks. Larry Mak, author of Secrets of Modern Slot Playing, recently queried the Nevada Gaming Control Board to find out the payback reported on penny machines. The Board said itwas 90.167%. Most of the penny video slots have very high hit frequencies, yet the overall average long-term payback is very low.
The usual reasoning behind putting loose machines in highly visible areas is so slot players can see other players winning. Maybe we should be more precise here and say that players will seeother players hitting and assume that they are winning because they are playing loose machines. But because there’s no correlation between hit frequency and long-term payback, these players canactually be playing machines with low long-term paybacks.
I don’t put much stock in loose machine placement theories, but I do believe slot directors may follow a hit frequency placement philosophy. Slot directors may try to place high hit frequencymachines in visible areas to encourage play. This philosophy says and implies nothing about the long-term payback of the machines.

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John Robison is the author of 'The Slot Expert's Guide
to Playing Slots.' His website iswww.slotexpert.com